Medically reviewed by Dr. Noor Hussam Abu-Farsakh — Gastroenterologist & Hepatologist
Gastro-oesophageal reflux is when acidic stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus, causing heartburn. Most people get it occasionally, but symptoms twice a week or more, or that affect sleep and daily life, need assessment and treatment.
Symptoms
- Burning behind the breastbone, especially after meals or lying down.
- Sour or bitter taste coming up into the mouth.
- Chronic cough or hoarseness.
- Chest pain (heart causes must be excluded first).
Daily tips
- Avoid large meals, and eating within 3 hours of bedtime.
- Raise the head of the bed for night-time symptoms.
- Lose excess weight.
- Reduce fatty and fried foods, coffee and fizzy drinks if they trigger symptoms.
- Stop smoking.
Treatment
Acid-reducing medicines, mainly proton pump inhibitors, are very effective when taken correctly — 30–60 minutes before breakfast. The doctor sets the duration and lowest effective dose; long-term use without review is not advised.
When does reflux need endoscopy?
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing.
- Weight loss, anaemia or vomiting blood.
- No response to treatment.
- Long-standing symptoms, especially with risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus.
Key takeaways
- Frequent reflux needs treatment, not just antacids.
- Taking medication before breakfast makes a real difference.
- Difficulty swallowing or weight loss needs endoscopy.
This article is for health education and does not replace medical advice.